CINDEX Index

INDEX to Ahmad’s War, Ahmad’s Peace by Michael Goldfarb

101st Airborne, 231, 308

173rd Airborne, 51

416th Civilian Affairs Battalion, 308

431st Civilian Affairs Battalion, 308

1930's, 121–122

1940's, 121–122

1950's, 122–127

Abdulfaraj (brother). see Alyas, Abdulfaraj Shawkat (brother)

Abdullah (uncle of Faisal I and regent), 123

Abdulrazak, Afrah (wife)

arrests and torture, 202

courtship and marriage, 68–69, 165–171

death of Shawkat, 282, 310

flees to Erbil, 204

Abu Ghraib, 222

advisory council, 233, 237–245, 263–264

'Aflaq, Michel, 146–149, 154–155, 158

Afrah (wife). see Abdulrazak, Afrah (wife)

Ahmad, Sultan Hashim, 36

"Ahmad's War: Inside Out" (radio program), 306

airspace, control of, 86

al-Kindi weapons center, 234–236

al-Qaeda, 49, 71

Allawi, Iyad, 213

Alyas, Abdulfaraj Shawkat (brother), 125, 153–154, 159, 178, 184

American hostages in Iran, 179

amnesty for prisoners, 223

Anfal campaign, 35, 197

Ansar al-Islam (Islamist group), 49

anti-Americanism, 11

anti-Semitism, 11

anti-Westernism, 121, 147

Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party. see Ba'ath Party

Arab/Kurdish tensions, 105, 313

Arab nationalism, 73, 121, 123–124, 126, 134–135, 147, 174

Arabization program, 313. see also Kirkuk

arbayeen (commemoration ceremony), 319

Arif, Abdul Rahman, 140, 150

Arif, Abdul Salam, 126–127, 136

Arraf, Jane, 88

arrests and torture

of Abdulfaraj, 153–154

of Afrah, 202

of Kasmoola, 154

as means of extortion, 184–185

of opposition, 151

of Shawkat, 18–19, 73, 107

Abu Ghraib, 222–223

after publication of "Mr. Key," 44, 67–68, 199–200

by PUK, 202–203

while in army, 183–184

while university student, 154–155, 157–158

Ashura (religious festival), 319

Assyrian empire, 17

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal, 207–208

Awash, Abdul, 204

Ayatollah Khomeini, 179

Aziz, Tariq, 180

Ba'ath Party

1963 coup, 135–146, 149

1968 coup, 145, 150

consolidation of power, 150–151, 155–156, 163

Islamic clericalism and, 259–260, 264–265

local officials, 233

origins of, 133, 146–149

post Saddam Hussein, 245, 263–264, 277, 295

purges, 150–151, 177–178

Saddam Hussein leads, 151

Shawkat forced to join, 158

Badkhen, Anna, 25, 45

Baghdad

effects of war, 114–115

fall of, 97–98

post-war, 317

Baghdad Hunting Club, 321

Baghdad Pact, 124

Bakr, Ahmad Hassan al-, 148–149, 151

Barzani, Massoud, 35–39, 210

Barzani, Mullah Mustafa, 209

Basso, Ghanim al-, 244

battles and skirmishes

Dabaga, 38–39, 89

Kalak Bridge, 26–28

Khazar River, 80–87

Bilattijah (newspaper), 253–270, 283, 306

bin Laden, Osama, 64

Bitar, Salah al-Din al-, 146

border crossings

with Iran, 7, 22

with Turkey, 23–24, 37, 301–302

Bremer, Paul, 250, 331

British mandate, 120–121

Bush, George H. W., 35, 198

Bush, George W., 41, 106

Bush-Cheney reelection campaign, 318

Cairo, 173–175

Campbell, Donald, 290

Challabi, Ahmad, 33, 37, 40–41

Chemical Ali. see Majid, Ali Hassan al-

CIA, 37, 123, 309

Citadel (of Erbil), 17–18

CNN, 51, 88

Coalition Provisional Authority, 290, 318

Cockburn, Patrick, 115

Cold War, 71, 323

collaboration (with U.S.), 261, 274, 302

collectivism vs. individualism, 60, 75

Communist Party, 127–128

constitutional monarchy, 120–121

coups, 121

1958, 125, 126–127

1963, 135–137, 149

1968, 145

1973, 163

cultural revival, 247

Dahhir, Shaheen Ali, 234–237

Darawish, 129–130, 310–311

Daud, Ibrahim al-, 150

death threats, 258, 270, 302, 314

Debaga, 89

Degala, 38–39

democracy from chaos, 249–245, 255–256, 274, 317–320

democracy studies, 215–218

Democratic Liberator Party, 198

deserters, 93

dictatorism, 103, 232, 294–295

dictators and dictatorships

after Cold War, 71, 323

in Arab society, 126, 147–148

U.S. attitudes towards, 71

in the U.S., 322–333

Dim Dim Hotel, 8–9

Dolaman, 50

Dreazen, Yochi, 246, 282–283

Dulaimi, Thamir al-, 321

economic recovery, 232, 303, 312, 317

editorials by Shawkat, 255–261, 266–267, 276–278

Egypt, 123, 142–144, 173–175

Erbil, 6, 17–18, 39–40, 201–203, 312

exiles, return of, 313

Exorcist, The (motion picture), 195, 246

Faisal I (King of Iraq), 120

Faisal II (King of Iraq), 123

Fakrhi, Junayd al-, 194–197, 245–247, 268–269

family of Shawkat. see also Abdulrazak, Afrah (wife); Alyas, Abdulfaraj Shawkat (brother); Roaa (daughter); Sindibad (son)

Ahmad (grandson), 103

Ayad (brother-in-law), 102, 200, 261

family life, 62–64, 305

Ismail (uncle), 130

Khalil (brother), 131, 173, 310

Mahmood (brother), 125

Mohammed (brother), 129–130

Rafat, 64, 305

Rasak (daughter), 204

Rasha (daughter), 204–205, 305

Sana (daughter), 103–104, 190, 204, 258

Shawkat Alyas (father), 122, 127–128

Shawkat (son), 64, 305

Shokira (mother), 122, 127–128, 131

Zainab (daughter), 63–64, 111–112, 305

Faraj (brother). see Alyas, Abdulfaraj Shawkat (brother)

Fatih, al-. see Shawkat, Ahmad, underground leader

Faulkner, William, 16, 161, 165

Filipov, David, 25, 45

financial assistance for Iraq, 266

fire-worship, 17

Fox News, 14, 29, 41, 51

freedom, 105, 272

Freedom House, 251, 271–275, 286

friendly fire, 90–91

friendship, 59–62

Garner, Jay, 250

genocide, 35–36, 197

Ghazi (friend), 170, 187–188

Ghazi (King of Iraq), 121

Gilgamesh, 196

Goldfarb, Michael

arrival in Iraq, 7–9

death threats, 314

departure from Iraq, 113–116

first meeting, 14–20, 226

friendship with Shawkat, 59–62, 286–289

grenade attack, 329

Iraq at transfer of sovereignty, 311–323

letter of recommendation, 238, 309

letter to Shawkat, 332–334

meetings with Roaa (daughter), 304–307, 325–331

murder investigation, 190

returns to Iraq, 301

Green Berets, 84–86, 90, 99

Greenstock, Sir Jeremy, 290

grenades, 329

Habur Gate, 23–24, 37

Haidar (driver), 325, 328, 330

Haight, Allan, 308

Hakim, Muhammad Baqr al-, 256

Hamza (Captain), 293

hangings, 151

Hani, Nasir al-, 151

Harir airfield, 51–52

Hariri, Fawzi, 49

history of Iraq, 120–121

Husain, Muhyi al-Din Abd al-, 177

Hussein, Qusay, 287

Hussein, Saddam. see also Ba'ath Party

amnesty for prisoners, 223

Arabization program, 31–33, 313

Barzani asks for help, 21, 36–39, 202–203

becomes president, 177

compared to Gilgamesh, 196

consolidation of power, 163

coup attempt, 133

Democratic Liberator Party, 198

effect on intellectual life, 32, 186–187

emergence as dictator, 74

fear of, 96, 102–103, 197, 230–231

genocide against Kurds, 35–36, 197

invasion of Kuwait, 197–198

links to al-Qaeda, 49

meeting with Shawkat, 223

rise to power, 149

Shawkat on, 70–71

U.S. support of, 71

veneration of, 304

Hussein, Uday, 287

individualism vs. collectivism, 60, 75

Inside Out, 9

insurgents, 327, 330–331

intellectual life under Saddam Hussein, 32, 186–187. see also literary gatherings

intelligence, lack of, 233

international opinion, 318

Iran

border with Iraq, 7, 22

CIA in, 123

refugees from, 53

revolution, 179

Iran-Iraq War, 35, 74, 179–182

Iraq Institute for Democracy, 215–218

Iraqi army

disbanding of, 250

as ruling force, 136, 140, 148–149

use of helicopters against Kurds, 36

Iraqi identity, 62, 175

Iraqi National Accord, 213

Iraqi National Congress, 37

Iraqi Petroleum Company, 121–122

Iraqi Police Service, 293–296

Islam

and democracy, 275

and modernity, 65, 218, 298

and politics, 64–66

Shawkat on, 95

Islamic clericalism, 121, 243–244, 256–260, 264–267, 275, 308. see also Ansar al-Islam; jihadis; Wahhabism

Islamic Studies Bureau, 65

Islamic Summit (2003), 266

Israel, 123, 142–144, 149

Jabar, Faleh, 215–218

Jews, 151

jihadis, 327. see also Islamic clericalism

Kabakov, Al, 295–296

Kalak Bridge, 26–28, 204, 304

Karbala', 319

Kasmoola, Mothana, 154

KDP

asks Saddam Hussein for help, 35–39, 210

and journalists, 8, 48–49

leadership of, 209

peace accord with PUK, 39

rivalry with PUK, 34–39, 202–203, 210

secularity of, 65

and Shawkat, 210–211

Kellogg, Brown and Root, 307

Kharzan (son of Sami Qader), 313

Khazar River, 80–87, 99, 304

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 179

Kirkuk, 209

Arabization program, 31–33, 313

exiles from, 31–33, 53

and oil, 22, 209

post-war, 313

Koran, 65. see also Islam; Islamic clericalism

Kurdish/Arab tensions, 105, 313

Kurdish nationalism, 62, 206–210. see also Kurdistan, push for autonomy

Kurdistan

anticipated postwar developments, 22

early days of war in, 25–58

geography, 34

push for autonomy, 35–36, 121, 209–210 (see also Kurdish nationalism)

U.S. support for, 39

Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). see KDP

Kurdistan Islamic Union, 65–66

Kurds

discrimination against, 73, 156–157

genocide, 35–36, 197

in Iraq, 208–209

Iraqi identity, 62

language, 46–48

refugees from Iran, 53

relations with Turkey, 23–24

in Syria, 211–212

Kuwait, invasion of, 197–198

language, 10, 30, 45–48

legal system, 290–291

literary gatherings, 31–33, 164–165, 185–186, 189, 194–197

local advisory council, 233, 237–245, 263–264

local officials, 233

looting, 101, 105–106

loyalists. see Ba'ath Party, post Saddam Hussein

Mahmood, Isam, 198, 239–245

Majid, Ali Hassan al-, 35

Masapollo, Gary, 291–299

McCullin, Don, 23

Mechko's teahouse, 312. see also literary gatherings

Medeni, Abdussalaam al-

Islamic tutor, 64–66, 217–218

obituary of Shawkat, 283–285

translator and friend, 265, 273–274, 302, 307–309, 325–330

Mike (Dr.), 299

military-civilian affairs, 307

Miller, Judith, 23

missile program, 234–236

modernity and Islam, 65, 218, 298

Mohammed, Kamaran, 90

Mossadeq, Mohammed, 123

Mosul, 20

advisory council, 233, 237–245

description and history, 119–120

mayor, 244

neglect of, 104

post war chaos, 99–109, 112

return to normality, 303

riots, 127–128

Shawkat return to, 99–109

"Mr. Key," 44, 76, 199

Mt. Maqloub, 93, 130, 138, 168

Mukhabarat, 151, 153–155, 200, 221

Mukhadem (Colonel), 327

Mukhtar, Omar al-, 285

murder of Shawkat, 116, 278–280

Goldberg and, 289

investigation, 281, 290–299

theories, 296, 298, 308, 310

Muslim Brotherhood, 192–193

Narooz (festival), 17

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 73, 123–124, 134, 149

nationalism, 62

Nayif, Abdul Razzaq al-, 150

Nineveh, 132

no-fly zone, 36

non-aligned movement, 124

occupation by U.S. troops, 231–233, 240, 316. see also U.S. mistakes in post-war Iraq

oil, 17, 22, 209

oil-for-food program, 39, 221

oil industry, 121–122, 163–164

Operation Detachment Alpha, 85

Ottoman Empire, 207

Palestine Hotel, 115

Pan-Arabism. see Arab nationalism

Paris, 161–162

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). see PUK

Persian language, 46–48

pesh merga, 26, 29, 50, 57, 84–86, 90, 100

Petraeus, David, 231–233, 236–239, 309

poison gas, 35

Poland, 160–161

police. see Iraqi Police Service; Mukhabarat

power, 126

Prison of Gavar, 214

PUK

arrests Shawkat, 202–203

founding of, 210

peace accord with KDP, 39

rivalry with KDP, 34–39, 202–203, 210

secularity of, 65

U.S. military, 49

Qader, Sami Abdul, 25, 55, 96–97, 312–314, 331

Qasim, Abdul Karim, 126–127, 133–134

reconstruction of Iraq, 266

refugees, 53, 94

reporters, 241

effect on events, 108, 235

embed program, 21

resentment of US, 105–106, 317–320, 326. see also U.S. mistakes in post-war Iraq

resolution 688, 36

Revolutionary Command Council, 151

Roaa (daughter), 64

flees to Erbil, 204–205

intellectual development, 213–214, 215–218

as journalist, 225, 283, 306, 334–335

meetings with Goldfarb, 304–307, 325–331

mistrust of Zeki, 214, 262–263

murder investigation, 281–283, 290–299

rocket propelled grenades, 316, 326, 328

Saddam Hussein. see Hussein, Saddam

Sadr, Moqtada al-, 331–332

Sahaf, Mohammed Saeed, 72

Said, Nuri, 123

Salaam. see Medeni, Abdussalaam al-

satellite phones, 88, 248, 278

Schwarzkopf, Norman, 36

secret police. see Mukhabarat

Security Management building, 106–107, 199

Shabak (Kurdish subgroup), 95, 212

Shatt al Arab waterway, 180

Shawkat, Ahmad

adult life, 73–77

Afrah (wife) and, 68–69, 165–171

arrests and torture, 18–19, 73, 107

Abu Ghraib, 222–223

after publication of "Mr. Key," 44, 67–68, 199–200

by PUK, 202–203

while in army, 183–184

while university student, 154–155, 157–158

as author and journalist, 43, 76, 152, 163, 172–173, 199, 214, 260

becomes carpenter, 191

builds houses, 194, 260–261

childhood, 125, 127–133, 137–140, 141

CIA ties, 309

in Darawish, 129–130

death of father, 127–128

death threats, 258, 270

on democracy (see Shawkat, Ahmad, political views)

discrimination against, 73, 156–157

editorials, 255–261, 266–267, 276–278

in Erbil, 201–203, 211

escape attempts, 77, 202, 219–220

exile in Egypt, 173–175

family (see family of Shawkat)

Faulkner, 16, 161, 165

forbidden to teach, 189–190

on freedom, 105–106, 272–273

Goldfarb and, 14–20, 59–62, 226, 238, 286–289

Iran-Iraq war, 181–185, 187–188

and Islam, 191–193

on Islamic clericalism, 256–260, 266–267

joins Ba'ath Party, 158–159

journalist, 248–251

and KDP, 210–211

lecturer at university, 163, 172–173, 178, 185–189

letter of recommendation, 238, 309

literary gatherings, 30–33, 186–187, 189

on literature (see literary gatherings)

military service, 74, 83, 181–182, 185

murder of (see murder of Shawkat)

on Nasser, 73

newspaper editor, 253–270, 287

Paris visit, 161–162

Petraeus and, 237–238

Polish visit, 160–161

political views, 61–62, 109–110, 132–133, 215–218, 240, 251, 272–273, 287

ransom of, 76–77, 200

return to Mosul, 99–109, 249

role in new Iraq, 239

on Saddam Hussein, 70–71

Saddam Hussein, meeting with, 223

suspected of collaboration with U.S., 261, 274

translator, 6, 235–236

underground leader, 19, 151–155

university student, 151–160

Watson and, 229–230, 234–236

Shehad (newspaper), 304

Shercliff, Simon, 290

Shi'a, 95, 208, 319

Siany, Zeto, 305–306, 314

Silopi, Turkey, 23–24

Simpson, John, 23, 89

Sindibad (son), 63, 99–100, 305

birth of, 172

moves to Erbil, 203–204

returns to university, 283

supports family, 69, 212–214

Sistani, Ali, 319–321

socialism, 147–148

sovereignty, Iraq at transfer of, 311–323

Soviet Union, 160

spies, 151

St. Matthew's Monastery, 93, 138, 168

Stryker Brigade, 308

student political organizations, 151–155, 156–157

Suez Canal, 124

suicide bombers, 115, 319, 329

Sulaimaniyah, 202–203

Suni, 208

Syria, 142–144, 146, 211

Tai, Muslim al-, 319

Talabani, Jalal, 209

peace accord, 39

Taliban, 64

origins of, 71

television news, 41, 51, 88

Tikrit, 151

torture. see arrests and torture

translators, 6, 9–13

Treaty of Lausanne, 207–208

Treaty of Sèvres, 207

Turkey

under Ataturk, 207–208

border with Iraq, 23–24, 37, 301–302

relations with Kurds, 23–24

U.S. Army bases, 24

United Arab Republic, 123–124, 126, 137

United Nations, 71, 198

United Nations oil-for-food program, 39, 221

United Nations Security Council, 36

U.S. Air Force, 86, 90

U.S. mistakes in post-war Iraq, 318, 322, 331–333. see also resentment of US

Ba'ath party officials put in charge, 244–245, 263, 276–277

connection between Ba'athists and Islamists missed, 259, 264

disbanding army, 250

lack of post-war plan, 241

lack of security, 240

looting, 105–106

U.S. Special Forces, 49, 54–56, 81–82, 84–86

Wahhabism, 64, 275. see also Islamic clericalism

war correspondents, 241

Watson, Ivan, 54

Watson, Paul, 229–230, 234–236, 239, 245, 247–248

WBUR. see Inside Out

weapons scientists, 234–236

West Kurdistan: Syria, the Silenced Kurds, 211

Williams, Carol, 248

Without Direction (newspaper), 253–270, 283, 306

Witness, the (newspaper), 304

World War I, 207

World War II, 122

Writer's Cafe. see literary gatherings

Yezidis, 94

Zab Rivers, 26, 47

Zeki, Thair, 213–214, 253–254, 262, 278–279, 281, 296, 298

Zorastrianism, 17